Field signs. A small bird olive-brown color with whitish bottom. A male bright red throat, bridle and bar at the chin and throat black. Song loud little less sonority Solovyov, but short. Often starts with the imitation of other birds. Alarmed by the bird produces loud tarahtenie or melodichno and very loud hiss: "tiuit-tiuit." Poet is usually low over the ground - in the middle of bush, less at its peak or on a tree (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980).  Distribution. The most common nightingale Central Siberia. Vostochnosibirsky kind of typical resident bush, mainly riverine thickets. Breeds also on edge, glades in the taiga, wild garyam and logging. In the taiga permanent occupant outskirts of towns (Rogacheva, 1988).
Normal nesting birds Minusinskoy basin on the outskirts of taiga in the forest-steppe and rare parts. In prieniseyskoy of the West Sayan (Sayano-Shushensky Reserve) is marked as a rare nesting species mixed lowland forests (Sokolov et al, 1983; Petrov, Rudkovsky, 1985). In the basin of the river. Big Ury SM Prokofiev (1987) found a nightingale-krasnosheyku fairly widely distributed: it was in many cedar woodlands at the top of the forest, where groups of cedars alternating with alpine lawns and thickets of shrubs in the flood plain with a single elyami in the upper river Ala-Ayan and Otuk-Suk (18 individuals / km 2); common at the mountain shrub tundra (7) Yves mixed lowland fir groves (2 specimens / km 2 ). In Usinskoy Basin is typical for nesting in the river floodplain. Constitution and in the taiga with brush understory on the slopes. In East Sayan, including in the vicinity of Krasnoyarsk, ordinary, often a large bird of mixed forests the foothills and river valleys; common in the highlands dark taiga, interspersed with subalpine vysokotravem and bushes in the subalpine zone (Kim, Pakulov, 1959).  In podtayge and southern taiga in suitable habitats large type (in the basin of the river. Kemchug Large - 23-27 individuals / km 2 (Naumov, 1960). In the southern taiga eniseyskoy favorite nesting sites - dense shrubs and deciduous forests on the outskirts and rivers: total lesolugovoy floodplain Yenisei in different years - 8-36 individuals / km 2 at high flood plain - 16-40; in low Yenisei taiga edge is typical (2 specimens / km 2), in plakornoy taiga rare, but always breeds in rivers; a high percentage of unmarried males singing (Bursky, Vakhrushev, 1983). Priangare nesting in strength was greatest in aspen and aspen-birch forests (20-32 individuals / km 2), and in pine forests with thickets on the edge of Osin (12-28); to slash areas krasnosheyki were common (4-8 individuals / km 2 (Vladyshevsky, 1975, 1980; Vladyshevsky, Shaparev, 1976). On the river. Chune krasnosheek was more in the dark taiga and lesobolotnyh complexes with sosnoy (12-19 species) (Ravkin, 1984). A very large number of krasnosheyki on top of Keti: up to three nesting pairs on 1 hectare floodplain shrub (Moskvitin et al, 1977).
In the middle taiga in the Yenisey many. There Vorogova (61 ° N) breeds primarily in the floodplain of the Yenisei willowy (38 animals / km 2), in Curtina willowy at the high meadows and lowland villages in common (2-4 individuals / Km 2). The Peace (62 ° 15 'N) breeds mostly in the bushes floodplain Yenisey (17 animals / km 2) and zakustarennom wet meadow near the village (4 specimens / km 2); nest well as small taiga river, on the outskirts and small glades in the taiga, on the steep banks of zakustarennym Yenisei. In the north sub (Alin, 63 ° 20 'N) krasnosheyka selitsya bushes in the floodplain (19 animals / km 2), the clearing near the village (13) and raw glades in the taiga (5 individuals / km 2) (Rogacheva et al, 1978). In the middle taiga Evenkia krasnosheyka been numerous in the middle slash areas and larch-pine forests. Common in northern subzone, in the Lower Tunguska a Village. Yukta (63 ° 30 'N) (Rogacheva, 1988).  In eniseyskoy northern taiga in the southern sub usage. Occasionally numerous (3-22 individuals / km 2), in extreme northern taiga (Angutiha, 66 ° 10 'N) rare. Zaroslyam nest on the floodplain and riverine forests with abundant understory (Rogacheva, Vakhrushev, 1983). G. Sibom (Seebohm, 1901) observed krasnosheyku spring at the mouth of Kureyki (66 ° 30 'N). In the northern taiga Evenkia greeted as a rare nesting species from the village. Tura (Vakhrushev, Vahrusheva, 1987; Puzachenko, 1968). Unit was in the bushes floodplain Kotu (67 ° 30 'N) (Volkov, 1987).
Habitats. Gnezdovye very diverse habitats: forest and woodland with bushes on floodplains, the edges of marshes and lakes, wild grass and melkolesem gari, logging, littery taiga to the understory and grass, mainly crude, not very dense, with glade. In the forest and steppe - shrubs, forest Kolka and lesopolosy (Ryabitsev, 2001). Phenology. Under the Krasnoyarsk arrival - May 20-24, in Angutihe (66 ° 10 'N) - June 12-13 (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). Reproduction. Builds a nest of a female on the ground, in a well-hidden place among the bushes and tall grass, usually under the tree on a small hill. Less nest is placed on the public. It looks like a ball or half the globe from the entrance to one side or the side and top. Cluster material - tree leaves, grass, moss, tray lining the same, but with a softer material, it is a bit of wool. Masonry from 2-6, often 4 -- 5 eggs. Their colors bright, bluish or greenish-gray, often with burovatoy or reddish pigmentation in a raid or weak krapa, usually only at the end of tupom. The size of eggs 19-23 x 14-17 mm. Nasizhivaet only female 13-14 days, the chicks are fed by both adult birds. The young with a few long fuzz on his head and back, mouth yellow, pale yellow klyuvnymi rollers. Leave the nest at the age of 13-15 days ( Ryabitsev, 2001). Nutrition. Feed on insects and other invertebrates, which collected almost exclusively on the ground among grass, bushes, undergrowth, brushwood. Eat well as berries (Ryabitsev, 2001). References. |
