Field signs. Major contrast painted bird. The length of the wing 540 mm, weight of about 3 kg. The head, neck and the entire dorsal side with black and green copper-red metal of a high tide, low white, clearly visible in flight birds. White belly well aista distinguished from the black crane, which is also the entire neck and head are white. Beak, legs, bare spot from the eye and to bridle bright red. In autumn beak and legs are burovatymi. Young birds top brown. To take off, Stork first get on the ground. In flight, stretch their necks, tilt back legs, wings mashet slowly and deeply. Often parit high above the forest. Silent bird. Adults sometimes a low voice treschat beak, often hit the bottom of the upper jaw. It can produce soft sounds like «Che-li» or «Chi-Lin». Young storks pischat. Very careful. When approaching human fly away, casting a nest of eggs and young (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1995).  Distribution. Sporadichno distributed from the southern borders to the edge of the river. Podkamennaya Tunguska (62 ° 15 'N). There have been discoveries of nests and birds in the cluster meetings in the period Eniseyskom area on the Yenisei tributaries - the rivers Kas, Tis, Ket, Big and Small Ket (Rogacheva, 1988; Syroechkovsky et al, 1995; Prokofiev, Baranov, 1996). As nesting species observed on the river. Angara (Kezhemskoe mnogoostrove and downstream on the right of more and Low Murozhnaya), in the lower reaches of the river. Chuna and rivers Usolka and Kites. Also known several meetings have black stork to the bottom Priangaryu: on average, over the river. Moore around with. Irba (nesting pair), on the river. Aban, two pairs of storks observed on the river. Cova - Kamkamborskogo above the threshold, and in the vicinity of. Karamyshevo. A typical meeting of this type in the middle and lower reaches of the river. Chadobets. For example, on the floodplain of the river with. Yurohta to the village. Leninsky in mid-August 1995 recorded three family groups (9 species). On the river. Angara two single birds seen in the north-east of the Islands Turgenev. The area Kezhemskogo mnogoostrovya, in shallow water, the islands of Greater and Low Irinda in August, there Bird of up to 35 individuals. During August 1995 a family group of 5 birds kept on the river. Angara, near the mouth of the river. Upper Kezhma. In the vicinity of village. Motygino and Pashinskih swamps marked two single individuals (Emelyanov et al, 1996). Met Pirovskom, Bolshemurtinskom areas (Prokofiev, Baranov, 1996). Quite often there on the river. Chulym (Blinov, Blinov , 1991). Single birds seen on the river. Honor Tyuhtetskogo area. A typical black stork Valley mountain taiga rivers Sayan, Prisayanya and Kuznetsk Alatau (Prokofiev, Baranov, 1996; Belyankin, 1984). Nest on the river Kazyru, Kiziru, Tube , Amylu and its tributaries - Tyuhtetu, Shadatu, Kopi and Kandatu. At nesting recorded in the valley of the Greater and Lesser Kebezha, on the river. Oe, at the mouth of the river. Listvyanka, on the river. Constitution. Summit Gagulskoy Hollow (Laptsenak, Baikal, 1992; Prokofiev, Baranov, 1996). Single birds are regularly seen on the rivers Kazyr-Suk, Joy, Kantegiru. Black Stork quite normal nesting birds in the river valleys Agul, Kungus, Many in the basin and its tributaries - Mina, Krol, Azybey, bulb (Polushkin, 1988). In the Kuznetsk Alatau pair of black storks are marked in the upper river Usa , Upper Ters, Tom, Mrassu. Single birds and a pair met at the White and Black rivers Iyus and its tributaries - Haratas, Turalyg and Pihterek, as well as on the river Kiya (Prokofiev, Baranov, 1996). There Sayano-Shushenskogo reservoir black storks nest on the shore yielding rocks. It should be noted the total absence of black stork at upper river. Qana, right tributary of the river. Tukshi and above. At the bottom of the basin Kanskoy several pairs were observed in the upper part of the Middle Qana. Here, near the exit to the river plain (District sat Kang-Okler and Ore), in mid-August, marked by two family groups of 5 and 3 specimens. Pairs of black storks marked by Agashulskih (River basin. Fisheries) and Ashkaulskih swamps (River basin. Kan). Two birds and a solitary greeted at the mouth of the river. Agul and around Novomariinovki ( Emelyanov et al, 1996). At the end of June 2002, three specimens black stork seen us in the vicinity of the Island Mountain between Pogodaevo and Antsiferovo at the Yenisey. In June 2003, recorded 6 meetings from the mouth of the river. Agul to the mouth of the river. Gorelov (AN Baykalov).
Habitats. In the mountain taiga conditions of the black stork prefers to nest on a wide poluzabolochennym and zabolochennym with sparse forest flood plains of rivers and lakes at an altitude of 500-1200 meters above sea level, penetrates the taiga in the relatively long distances, but the nest where there is staritsy, floodplain shallow lakes and open with sparse forest or wetlands area. Prerequisites habitat - a relatively calm waters with Pleso and otmelyami and of high vegetation or rocks to the device jacks (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000). Phenology. The earliest dates egg laying - mid-May. The young fly from the nest is usually in late July - early August. Autumn departure - from mid-September to early October (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000).  Reproduction. Massive build nests in trees, usually within a crown of the major branches or the razvilke wide barrel. Cluster material - suchya, tray lining grass, leaves, moss. The edges of the nest is usually richly painted white potekami excrement, in contrast to more accurately nests of large birds of prey. The nest is used for many years. In the clutch 3-5, usually 4 eggs. Their color matovo-and-white, granular. The size of eggs 60-74 x 45-51 mm. Nasizhivayut alternating male and female during 4,5-6 weeks. Ptentsy in the early days quite helpless, parents nurse their of more than two months until they are fully opera and did not fly away from the nest (Ryabitsev, 2001).
Nutrition. Stork Food - small vertebrates, mostly amphibians, fish, less often - rodents, birds that catch on the wet meadows, marshes in the shallow parts of rivers, starits lakes. There, they collect insects, worms, clams, etc. (Ryabitsev, 2001). Number. Ekspertno total populations of black stork in the Krasnoyarsk region is estimated at 1 thousand individuals. The highest population density noted in the taiga maloposeschaemyh areas Sayan Mountains. So, on the river. Amylu and its tributaries noted 12-14 couples on the river. Kazyru - 3 breeding pairs, ss. Kisiri - 2, Mozharskih lakes - 5-6, on the river. Tube - 2, r. Mane and its tributaries - 3-5, on the river. Agule - 3 pairs (Prokofiev, Baranov, 1996). During the period from 2001 to 2005 on the territory of Krasnoyarsk region SPAs meeting black stork have been recorded: in 2001 - 2 specimens in the Reserve "largest-Kemchugsky" in 2002 - 5 species in the Reserve "Arga, 2 specimens in the Reserve "largest-Kemchugsky, 2 specimens in the Reserve" Krasnoturansky boron, 1 bird in the Reserve "Prichulymsky, 2 specimens in the Reserve" Taybinsky, 2 specimens in the Reserve "Habyksky" in 2003 - 5 species in Reserve "Arga, 11 -- in the Reserve "largest-Kassky, 8 species in the Reserve" Solgonsky edge, 1 bird in the Reserve "Taybinsky" in 2004 - 4 individuals in the Reserve "Arga, 10 species in the Reserve" More-Kassky, 14 species in the Reserve "Makovsky, 2 specimens in the Reserve" Little by Kemchugsky, 4 species in the Reserve "Taybinsky" in 2005 - 2 specimens in the Reserve "Birch Dubrava, 10 species in the Reserve" More-Kassky, 8 species in the Reserve " Krasnoturansky boron, 1 specimen in the Reserve "Makovsky, 17 species in the Reserve" Motyginskoe mnogoostrove, 3 species in the Reserve "Ognyansky, 1 specimen in the Reserve" Taybinsky, 2 specimens in Reserve "Ubeysko-Salbinsky (AN Baykalov). The main limiting factors are: a factor of concern in ground nesting birds, economic activities man (cutting forests, mining, draining the marshes). An important role in limiting the number of low fecundity play (3-4 in laying eggs) and poor survival of chicks (average number of chicks in vyvodkah 2.2), due to poor forage base, first and foremost, amphibians, whose numbers in the mountain taiga belt is always low (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000). Measures of protection. Vid made in Annex 1 of CITES and the Red Books of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the Republic of Khakassia, Tuva, Altai, Kemerovo region. Vid included in the list of Russian-Indian convention on the protection of migratory birds (1984). Hunting is prohibited everywhere. At the province and neighboring regions in a number of protected nature reserves and sanctuaries. Since the black stork is a fairly conservative kind of in relation to breeding, should identify the most important place of nesting and put under the protection of nest territory and in particular High trees, which arranged the nest, giving them the status of natural monuments or mikrozapovednikov. It is widely and actively promoted the need to protect rare birds. Population of Black Stork on the territory of Krasnoyarsk region is still relatively stable due to inaccessibility and maloposeschaemosti nesting of birds, but measures for their conservation should be taken today (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000). References. |
