Field signs. A small bird (23-25 y.) with direct zaostrennym beak, short legs with strong zagnutymi sharp claws. Like the pika, deftly climb trunks of trees and rocks, often moving upside down. Tail straight, short. Build firm. Plumage fluffy, thick. Top of uniform, bluish-gray wings and tail burovato-black from beak through the eye to your ear the black stripe, white spots on the tail, neck, chest and abdomen pure-white, brown with whitish sides pestrinami. Spring Song - loud melodious whistling like protyazhnogo "tfyuii-tfyuii." Creek - calls "tochtoch-toch" or "ttsit-ttsit." Very mobile and Crickley (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). Distribution. Widespread bird high forest, especially old lowland and mountain. According to Central Siberia distributed to the polar circle (Rogacheva, 1988). In Minusinsk Basin - the usual bird forest plots of pine forests, mixed forests on the outskirts of taiga. In the West. Sayane common in all forest zones, and many in mixed stands of river valleys (Sokolov et al, 1983; Petrov, Rudkovsky, 1985). In the basin of the river. Big Ury. common everywhere (2-9 individuals / km 2), except kedrovnikov highland and lowland Berezovo-aspen forests, where many (13 and 10 individuals / km 2) (Prokofiev, 1987a). Marked as a rare type of subalpine zone (Yanushevich, Yurlov, 1950), and the autumn kochevkah - cliffs and rock placers Sayan highlands ridge (Zabelin, 1976). In East Sayan many in the foothills of the Krasnoyarsk and the valley Kazyra where penetrates and fir woodlands (Krutovskaya, 1958; Kim, 1961). In the forest, and forests of high podtayge in common: 1,6-3,2 individuals / km 2 in the basin of the Greater Kemchuga (Naumov, 1960), 5-6 - in the basin of the river. Floodplain (Ravkin et al, 1987). In the southern taiga on the Yenisey (59-60 ° with. Rd.) Usage; breeds in all nepoymennyh forests, especially in the ripe and overripe taiga in 1977, has many in the dark taiga II nadpoymennoy terraces Yenisei and common at lower dark and riverine hvoyno-leaved forest (an average of subzone, respectively, 13.9 and 5 individuals / km 2); during pozdneletnih kochevok widespread view (Bursky, Vakhrushev, 1983). In the lower Priangare many in all of high stands: Edge pihtachey and woods consists of pineries, porosshih Osinov, - 28 and 16 individuals / km 2 (Vladyshevsky, 1980). In the valley Chuny most numerous in the dark and mixed-dark woods (45 and 78 individuals / km 2) and the remaining forests, except mezhdurechnyh woods consists of pineries (16-23 individuals / km 2) (Ravkin, 1984). In the middle taiga in the Yenisey found everywhere, but in the southern subzone (Vorogovo, 61 ° N) of his more notable; here in 1977, it breeds in dark woods, preferring spurs Yenisei taiga edge and nadpoymennyh out the right Yenisei (respectively 14 and 7 individuals / km 2). In the same year and poluzabolochennyh spruce-fir forests birch at the mouth of Podkamennoy Tunguska, it was common (1-2 individuals / km 2). The Peace in 1974, 1977 and 1978 estimates. nuthatch all summer was rare (0.6 individuals per 1 km 2 combined), although the slots and met almost everywhere; to slash areas of high and cedar-larch taiga, it was common (2 and 1 specimens / km 2) (Rogacheva, etc. , 1978). In the middle taiga svetlohvoynoy Evenkia typical nuthatch (Rogacheva, 1988). In the northern taiga on the Yenisey, perhaps occasionally nest in the south subzone (Baklaniha, 64 ° 25 'N) in the dark riverine taiga. In August sporadichno found throughout the subzone, until Igarki (Syroechkovsky, 1961). In the northern taiga Evenkia known single meeting popolzney 4 and 5 August 1978 in riverine listvennichnike in the lower reaches of the river. Kochechum (64 ° 30 'N) (Vakhrushev, Vahrusheva, 1987). AV Krechmar (1966) suggests that they rarely nest in the islands of mixed forests at the origin of the river. Fish (extreme northern taiga, 68 ° 50 'N); winter meet regularly in prieniseyskoy tundra of the village. Potapova (68 ° 40 'N).
There are long zalety popolzney to the north during the autumn kochevok. In early October 1923 E. O. Yakovlev twice saw them in the village. Nose thick (70 ° 10 'N, sub-bush tundra); 4 Oct., 1920 NA Ostroumov met popolznya around der. Golchiha (71 ° 40 'N) in the subzone typical tundra after a strong south-easterly wind (Scalon, 1938). Habitats. Osedly live in a variety of woods, from a hardwood to a softwood, mainly in the mature of high (Ryabitsev, 2001). Phenology. Osedlaya bird: in the north and partly in the middle taiga in the winter otkochevyvaet to the south. Phenology is not understood. In the "pillars" first trill spring - February 13, sletki - at the end of June (Krutovskaya, 1958). Reproduction. Jack always puts in hollow tree, usually at a distance from the ground above the human growth. Nuthatch is hollow, abandoned Woodpecker, with round-tap or a natural hollow with a large mixed opening, which nuthatch always stop clay, sometimes mixed with manure, leaving only a small letok circular diameter of about 35 mm. Clay, zatverdevaya, makes entry of a very strong and climb into the slot popolznya can no predator. Litter jack consists of numerous small flakes thin upper crust, mostly pine, and sometimes leaves pieces of wood. These pieces filled the entire lower part of hollow, and are loaded with eggs or chicks (Mikheyev, 1996). In laying 4-12, 6-9 more eggs "sinichego" type of color - white, with red-brown spotted, usually slightly larger and more densely covering the surface of the shell than the tit, thick tupomu to an end. The size of eggs 18-22 x 13-16 mm. Nasizhivanie otkladki begins with the last egg, the female sits within 14-18 days. Nasizhivaet tightly and vyletaet only when the predator or the person selected to the hollow. Generally popolzni very trusting and watch them can be short distances. Ptentsy with few long down on his head, shoulders and back, mouth dark-red meat, klyuvnye rollers cream-white. Adults feed on both birds. 22-25 days chicks sitting in the hollow, then 1-2 weeks of their parents podkarmlivayut outside hollow, and vyvodki fall (Ryabitsev, 2001). Nutrition. Nutrition as a whole as a tit - invertebrates, which popolzni found on the surface and schelyah bark of trees in the process of careful and constant obyskivaniya trunks. In addition, vysypayuschiesya collect seeds from cones and seeds of many other forest plants. In the field grown cedar very happy to eat nuts, prodalblivaya in the shell holes. Can pick and bark, bringing insects. Throughout the year, especially in autumn, harvested food store, hiding separately in each semyachko schelyah trunk of the tree, sometimes cover them with lichens, or pieces of bark. These individual stocks (Ryabitsev, 2001). References. |
