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Family [Olyapkovye] Of cinclidae |
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[Olyapka] Cinclus of cinclus Of linnaeus, 1758 Name of view of other languages
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Field signs. Massive bird is somewhat larger than the sparrow with the sufficiently long feet and the beak and the short wings and the tail. The top is dark-brown, bottom white. It is held in the rapid creeks. Flight is rapid and is strong, is always low- above the water, but up to the small distance. It can float, dive and even walk along the bottom under water. It enters gradually into water, and then it [vyparkhivaet] from it. Song - sufficiently loud and melodious. In sunny weather it sings in winter ([Syroechkovskiy], [Rogacheva], 1980). Propagation. The inhabitant of mountain rivers is channel Eurasia. In average Siberia it is widespread in [Sayanakh]. It nests in essence on the small and rapid streams and on the banks of mountain rivers in the belt of taiga with the coasts, covered with rock chunks, in the gorges with the waterfalls, deep damp canyons. There is no [olyapki] on the rivers with the open shores. It is settled, but to the winter it gets down from the upper reaches of creeks to their lower flow, into the strip of foothills ([Rogacheva], 1988). At the beginning of century it was encountered by winter in the lower reaches of the river r. of tube and in it was Minusinsk, in Krasnoyarsk in the lower reaches of the river of the rivers of the large Of [sliznevoy] and [Laletinoy], in s. [Torgashino] ([Tugarinov], [Buturlin], 1911; [Sushkin], 1914). It leaves also to the Yenisey, where entire winter remain the nonfreezing ice-holes. In the Sayan-Shushenskoye preserve by places it is usual on the nesting place: rises through the coasts of creeks and is channel to the alpine tundras (Sokolov and others, 1983; Petrov, [Rudkovskiy], 1985); in the pond r. large [Ury] it is rare (0,08 individuals on 1 km of the flow of river) (Prokofiev, 1987). It is possible that in winter [olyapka] in the large numbers is concentrated in those regions Of [sayan], where karstic relief is developed, since the temperature of water of creeks it is channel, that escape from underground karstic lakes, it is above and are the year round equal to 4-8 °[S] ([Vavitov], Kim, 1972). Multiplication. Pairing - from the middle of March ([Tugarinov], [Buturlin], 1911), adult, that feed nestlings, on June 9 to 10 (Yudin, 1952). Nest, as a rule, on the earth, has ball-shaped or cone-like form, is found on the coming out from water stone-, in the cleft of the cliff impending above the water, in the roots of trees in water and the like laying - 4-5 white eggs. Are apparently, possible two layings per year ([Syroechkovskiy], [Rogacheva], 1980). Nourishment. They obtain food, diving into the water. In this case the wings reveal, so that by their flow it would force against the bottom. They gather the larvas of caddis flies and ephemera, another ground poultry, they catch the floating invertebrates. When [olyapka] adds wings, it is pushed out to the surface and it here takes off. They cannot dive into the standing or slowly current water. Willingly is gathered fodder in water - on the shore, on the stones, among the algae ([Ryabitsev], 2001). |
![[Olyapka]. Is adult young (to the right) of bird. Figure [V].[K]. Of [ryabitseva]](img/img_282.gif)
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