Field signs. Kulik larger crows. Top drill gray with black pestrinami, low white on the chest and head with narrow longitudinal pestriny. Rear back and nadhvoste white. Feet long, beak length with a characteristic arched izgibom down. Flight smoother, often moving, can steam. Extremely cautious. Alarming Creek - drawl, plaintive "kuuu and" or "Dewey, Dewey." Current song - loud shot svistovaya trill.  Distribution. Grounds in the northern border province was unclear. By LS Stepanyanu (1990), it passes through the mouth of the river. Podkamenaya Tunguska, downstream the river. Eloguya and upper river. Lower Tunguska. E.E Syroechkovsky and EV Rogacheva (1980) suggest the passage of the northern border of nesting at a latitude of about 63 o N on the Yenisey and 62 o N - In Evenkia. Individual meetings and zalety known to have sat Vorogovo, Sumarokovo, Upper Imbatskoe and Alin, as well as for the Lower Eloguya (Skalon, Sludskii, 1914). In the Village area. The peace rarely occurs during the spring migration. In the second decade of May 1958 a single bird was observed near the mouth of the river. Chamby in Evenkia, 700 km east of the river. Yenisei (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). Span flock of 11 birds received from the village. Motygino (Angara), about 100 km east of the river. Yenisei. On the left bank of the river. Angara in the flood plain meadows in June to keep and, perhaps, A nest 2 pairs. In the Lower Priangare this type frequently met us in the area Kezhemskogo mnogoostrovya, where it breeds. While noting the high curlew and the lower reaches of the river. Chadobets. In the second half of summer is on the Bedobinskih Elchiminskih swamps and river basins. Irkineeva. The area Motyginskogo mnogoostrovya probably nest on the islands and adjacent parts of the left bank. However, it is a small number. It occurs on the floodplain meadows in the river basins Moore and Cova. Big curlew quite common in the lavishly wetlands habitats Kanskoy forest in the river basins of Qana and Usolki. It occupies peculiar biotopes Minusinsk depression (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000).
Habitats. Widely distributed Despite the large curlew Prieniseyskoy in Siberia, this is still a bird of open landscapes. It occurs to grass, and large moss bogs, lakes in the lowlands and meadows on the broad river valleys. Slot in the steppe and forest typically does not remove more than 3 km from the water (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000). Phenology. Spring big curlew in Tuva appears in mid-April, in Khakassia - in the third decade of this month (April 22-28), the Krasnoyarsk - in early May. Kochevki and the formation of the first flocks reported in late July - early August. Distinctly departure of birds in the wintering there in the second decade of August in South Tuva, it continues until the first decade of September (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000). Reproduction. Usually breeds separate pairs, but in the forest zone may form a small fragmented colonial settlements. At a swamp titsy satisfied with the slot at UAH or dry hill in floodplains and nest on the islands. Complete masonry composed of 4 green with brown spotted eggs. At the nest birds sit very tight, close podpuskaya to their rights. Drive chicks both parents. In Minusinsk Basin young in the growing transfer is in the middle of June (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000). Nutrition. Steppes in the second half of summer is based nutrition curlew large amount pryamokrylye, beetles (especially ground beetles, Usachev, weevils) in other months, he kormitsya variety of insects (Gladkov, 1951). In the case of eat berries, frogs, lizards, small fish, sometimes in the stomachs curlew find even small rodents (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). Number. In the migration periods and time poslegnezdovyh kochevok curlew form a notable concentration on individual waters. One of these clusters (overnight) formed in the tract "Trehozerki (Khakassia), where on some days there are at least 150 birds at once (Savchenko, Emelyanov, 1991). In 1980, 1982. On the southern shore of Lake. Hadyn kept several large curlew flocks of up to 50 individuals. Notable passage of this kind of autumn is in an area lake. Torah-Hol (South Tuva). In other places are now much curlew small, but regularly found the bird. So, if in the beginning of the twentieth century. PP Sushkina (1914) in Minusinsk Basin indicated centesimal large flocks of sandpipers, according to our information, most of them consist of 5-15 individuals. The largest stayu, there were 36 birds, said in Khakassia SM Prokofiev. Plotnostnye indicators of the strength and spatial distribution of large curlew in typical habitats are as follows. In spring and summer: Krasnoyarsk forest - the river floodplain. Yenisey - from 0.33 to 0.67 specimens at the 10 km route; Nazarovskaya basin - the river floodplain. Serguei, Big Lake and Little Kosol - from 5 to 10 individuals at the 10 km route; Chulymo-Eniseyskaya hollow - floodplain areas, lakes Salbat, Intikol, Sarat, Bele, Black - from 1 to 5 individuals; Kanskaya hollow - floodplains Usolka, Kang, Colon, Small Topol, Noshinsky pond, lake. Ulyukol - from 1.2 to 2.8 animals. In the summer-autumn period, the number in the southern province and Khakassia may be somewhat higher: Pravoberezhnaya of Minusinsk depression - up to 6 animals in the 10 km route; Uybatskaya spep - Lake Ulug-Kohl, Pataga, Uskol and others - 7 species; Koybalskaya steppe - Tract "Trehozerki" Black Lake, Bugaevo, Chalpan - from 3.5 to 27 individuals at the 10 km route. The area Motyginskogo mnogoostrovya, which is probably a big curlew nest, the density ranged within 0.25 to 0.50 individuals / km 2. In the second half of May and June 1972 to run wild sosnoy felling Terrace diluted pine forests and valleys r.Chuny it was 0,02-0,03 individuals / km 2. Despite the apparent relative prosperity species, its size is reduced. It should be noted that cited figures mainly reflect the density of species in habitats that are naturally higher than average. In addition, unlike other big curlew sandpipers well noticeable effect not only large but also behavioral characteristics (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000). Measures of protection. Special protection measures in the province is not developed. So far, big curlew - the object of amateur hunting. Included in the list of Russian-Indian convention on the protection of migratory birds (1984). In neighboring Khakassia key concentration of large curlew is protected Reserve "Urochische Trehozerki." It is necessary to prohibit hunting, but the most effective interventions to save the species is the organization and implementation of a regional network of SPAs Krasnoyarsk region, the Republic of Khakassia and Tyva (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000). References. |
