Field signs. Large (length wing males - 460-473 mm, weight 3,5-4,5 kg) burovato gray goose (larger Bean). In glasses neck Front seems bright and dark sides and rear. Black beak. Flight difficult. The voice loud, plangent sounds as sonorous drawl «gooooo». Linnye geese can swim almost completely under water, vysunuv only head (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980, 1995).  Distribution. Most of the habitat types - in Mongolia and Northeast China (Heilongjiang, Gioin, Inner Mongolia) (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1995). Disappeared or rare species zaletny Minusinsk depression. On the territory of Krasnoyarsk region is not observed. Mostly possible suhonosa stay in the province in the past were the lake Salbat and Intikol, as well as flood plain land for the Yenisei, Tube and Upper Chulymu. In the border areas lived in Khakassia and Central Tuva, which pass through the northwestern part of its range (Sushkin, 1914, 1938; Tugarinov, 1916; Ioganzen, 1929). In the first half of the twentieth century. was found on nesting in north-western Minusinsk depression, on lakes Bele, Irengol and Black (Sushkin, 1914). In late 1940 - early 1950's facts nesting suhonosa in Minusinsk Basin and Tuva were confirmed AI Yanushevichem and KT Yurlov (1950).
Habitats. Inhabited fresh and brackish water lakes and rivers and forest-steppe zones. In the passage to meet away from the water in bare dry steppe. On the steppe lakes suhonos slot in the thickets of reeds, reedmace, on the islands (oz. Bele) and along the coast, characterized by large izrezannostyu coastline (oz. Black, Sarat) (Prokofiev, bushes, 1988). In the floodplains, this goose met on the islands and extensive osokovym Swamp Lake (lowland rivers Sona, Uybata, Abakan, Yenisei). Currently, a large part peculiar habitat degraded by human economic activities (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000). Phenology. In place of nesting arrives in April. In the southern Tyve, the passage received 13 Apr, 1982 in the twentieth April, small groups of 5-7 individuals registered in an area lake. Torah-Hol. By nesting birds started in early - mid-May (Savchenko et al, 1986). In mid-August start of the movement of geese, but this passage takes place in September. Before departure often formed large aggregations (oz. Bele, Lake. Hadyn). Currently, flocks of geese observed only on the coast of Lake. Ubsu-Nur and the mouth of the river. TEN-Hem (Saveliev, Makarov, 2000). Places are wintering in China on the shores of the Yellow Sea and the Gulf to the south to Shanghai, as well as in river valleys Yellow River, Yangtze and adjacent to the lakes (Poyanhu, Bohu, etc.) (Degterev, 1995).  Reproduction. Jack in the grass in a small yamke, vystlano dry grass and down. Immure consisting of 5-8 large white (yellow) of eggs, usually nasizhivaet female, male is nearby and protects the nest (Ptushenko, 1959). Gusyata-puhoviki in the prosecution nyryayut or vytyanuv neck, rasplastyvayutsya water (Tugarinov, 1941). On land, young gusyata hiding in the thick grass (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1995).
Nutrition. Izucheno weak. Basis food - grassy vegetation, including sedge (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1995). Number. Current state of suhonosa populations living in the Russian part of the range, critical. According to the most optimistic estimates the number of this species is not more than 1000 individuals (Krivenko, 1991). At wintering in China in 1989, said about 30 thousand of these birds. In an area lake. Poyanhu in the accumulation of wintering geese suhonos amounted to 3% (Degterev, 1995). Prieniseyskoy In Siberia (mostly in Tuva), is currently home to between 50 and 200 suhonosov. Marked decrease in the number of geese began at the turn of 1950, 1960, at a time tseliny development. In August 1963, suhonos was in the river floodplain. Son, near the shores of Lake. Shira (Kim, 1991). Several pairs of geese slot in the vicinity of lakes in the Black Sea and snort, he met and the lake. Bele, but it might not reproduce. By the early 1970's, has ceased to nest on Fyrkale and Lake. Black, and by mid-1970's suhonos virtually disappeared from the northern part of Khakassia (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000). The last meeting of geese in the vicinity of lakes Sarat and Black dated to 1975 (Prokofiev, 1987). In southern Minusinsk depression suhonosa disappearance of the 80 th years of the twentieth century. There are a few facts suhonosa nesting in the same period in the lake. Ulug-Col. In August 1982, the tract Sorokaozerki met flock of geese 8, a single bird was observed 11 August, 1983 in the tract Trehozerki (Prokofiev, 1984; Rogacheva, 1988). Over the past 10-15 years, information about the location of this goose in Khakassia and in the south of the Krasnoyarsk Territory were reported. Obviously, there are currently suhonos totally disappeared from the region's avifauna (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000). The state of the species in Siberia Prieniseyskoy threatening, remained virtually isolated pairs in different parts of Tuva (Baranov, 1988). In the more prosperous situation of geese inhabiting reservoirs Mongolia. At the border station in the lower river. TEN-Hem (Ubsunurskaya basin), in July 1989, it was noted about 15 vyvodkov suhonosa (Saveliev, Makarov, 2000). Limiting factors. The most important causes extinction of a territory are immoderate hunting and the degradation of traditional habitats under the influence of intensive management of human activities in the field of nesting, flying, and at the wintering in China (Baranov, 1991). Features biology suhonosa (imprudence, «curiosity») also helped direct the recovery of these birds (Baranov, 1988; Poyarkov, 1985; Savchenko, Emelyanov, 1998). The ban on the extraction of species little effective because of its likeness to Bean, who is the subject of hunting and found in the same locations as suhonos (Baranov, 1988). References. |
