Field signs. A small bird (weight of 40 grams). Top of dust-brown with broad longitudinal pestrinami, low-ohristo whitish, chest pestriny, a crest on its head. Pozyvka - soft "CRI-ik" or "chrr-ik." Poet on the fly, rising up, grabbed a few minutes in height, then subside and fall down. Song simple, but melodic, sometimes very long: clinking, follow one another almost without pauses hurried trills. Sometimes lark simply repeats one of the usual plangent tribes: "Tee-and-ty and, tyu-yu, tyu-yu" (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980).  Distribution. Usual bird open spaces of southern central Siberia - the steppes, forest, fields and the sites podtaygi and southern boreal forest, where timber and kept fairly large open areas. According to the valleys of large rivers, the stronger the delivery man, penetrates further north (Rogacheva, 1988). Currently, you can assume it at suitable nesting sites eniseyskoy the southern taiga, at least in the vicinity of village. Pogodaeva and Kolmogorov (Bursky, Vakhrushev, 1983). Early Riser also proved nesting around with. Vorogovo in the southern sub-average taiga (Rogacheva et al, 1978). There are zalety and north: in towns Komsa and Peace. The Peace Early Riser annually appear early in spring (usually from 15-16 April to May 4). Arrivals in April, Early Riser remain heaps of manure and scrap-heap. In some years, some couples stay in the Peace before the end of June, apparently trying to zagnezditsya. In the northern boreal forest known one zalet to the mouth of the river. Kureyki 11 Jun., 1877 (Seebohm, 1901).
Habitats. Inhabit the steppe and grassland habitats in the plains and mountains, happy to have settled on agricultural land, preferring deposits, couples crops perennial grasses. In the forest zone, where open space habitat is limited, high-density nesting and cereal crops. The prerequisite for a settlement is quite extensive area of open space woodless, whether field, extensive dry swamp or cuttings. Small surrounded by forest plots escape (Ryabitsev, 2001). Phenology. The Atlanta beginning to arrive from 2-7 April, intensive transit - in mid-April, at the end of April - early May, full stack, the second half of May - hatching chicks. Many birds have a second immure. By the end of summer, when the prairie burn, the birds move in the retracted field in Burian, the couple, in mid-September start to gather in flocks (Tugarinov, Buturlin, 1911). At the southern edge - and many ordinary bird (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). Reproduction. Gnezdovanie very stretched: masonry occur in the second half of April until mid-July. The nest is placed in a natural depression, yamke trace of the hoof or vyrytoy by birds, under the guise of a bush or grass komev soil. Hiding the nest and helps extremely cautious behavior of birds, which are always close to the jack on the ground, and in case of danger hidden away from him and then take off. Nest is a relatively thin, bezyskusno put out of dry grass basket, the upper edge of which is situated in one level with the surface of the soil. Tray accurately vystlan thin pedicels the roots. In laying 3-6, 4-5 more egg cream-white, brownish-white or slightly greenish color with small brown or olive-brown spot, often forming a halo around the blunt end. Krap mostly nerezky, diffuse, but quite dense, often virtually closes the background. The size of eggs - 20-27 x 15-19 mm. Female nasizhivaet, starting with otkladki last eggs, 12-14 days. We hatch chicks head and back covered with long ohristo-brown or brown down, mouth yellow, with three dark spots on the tongue, klyuvnye rollers white or yellowish. The young leave the nest at the age of 8-10 days, has not yet been fully fledged and umeya fly, and dokarmlivayutsya parents away from the nest. In the event of danger, for example, the discovery of the nest predator or a man, the female is able to carry chicks in its beak to be removed to a few meters away from the nest. Chicks might appear twice or even three times over the summer. Typically, also re-laying after the death of nests, particularly often in the cultivated lands (Ryabitsev, 2001). Meals - mostly insects, also the seeds of wild plants (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). References. |
